Teen Driving Education to Prevent Injuries
Experts say that safe driving education should be part of routine physicals for teens. Pediatricians are advised to ask teenagers during regular physical exams if they are driving.
In 2001 alone, 3,600 teens died in car accidents and 337,000 were injured, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
Dr. Letitia Dzirasa, at Johns Hopkins Children's Center, says that car accidents kill more 15- to -20-year-olds than any single disease. She believes teenage driving should be considered a risky behavior, in need of as much attention as unprotected sex or underage drinking.
"Pediatricians talk to their teen patients about eating disorders, alcohol, and marijuana use," says Dr. Dzirasa. "But the one conversation that is not happening often enough is about the number-one killer of teenagers: car accidents."
The American Academy of Pediatrics advises pediatricians to:
- Ask 15-year-olds if they are applying for a driver's permit soon.
- Discuss driving risks and ask probing questions about driving behavior.
- Ask specific questions about medication use, use of alcohol, night-time driving, seatbelt use, use of a cell phone while driving.
- Encourage parents to place driving restrictions on their teenagers, such as making sure the novice driver is accompanied by an adult.
- Ask parents to consider a written contract with their children, establishing the rules of engagement and penalties for failure to follow them.
- Remind teens and parents that many state laws restrict cell phone use and nighttime driving for novice drivers.
Dr. Dzirasa also urges pediatricians to learn about their state's driving laws and discuss them with both teens and parents.
Maryland has a graduated driver's licensing (GDL) law that eases novice drivers into driving in three stages: learner's permit, provisional license, and driver's license. This allows drivers to gain experience gradually.
Research shows that graduated licensing reduces both the number of accidents and the number of severe injuries, says Dr. Dzirasa. For example, one study shows that graduated licensing led to 35 percent fewer crashes that require hospitalizations among 16-year-olds.
Other studies have shown that the crash rate among 16-year-olds dropped by 26 percent to 41 percent in the first year after the adoption of a graduated licensing law.
High-risk behaviors or conditions among teen drivers include:
- lack of experience
- non-use of seatbelts
- alcohol and other drug use
- common pediatric conditions, such as ADHD, that increase accident risk
- use of cell phones and audio equipment that distract drivers
- night-time driving
- thinking that "it can't happen to me," which is typical for teenagers and young people
Always consult your child's physician for more information.
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National SAFE KIDS Campaign, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, and the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control have issued statistics for motor vehicle accidents.
Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of unintentional injury-related death among children ages 14 and under.
In 2005, 1,451 children ages 0 to 15 years were killed in vehicle-related deaths.
Fifty percent of children ages 14 and under killed in motor vehicle crashes were not safely restrained.
Approximately 203,000 children ages 14 and under suffered injuries in motor vehicle crashes in 2004.
The majority of the children killed by airbags in motor vehicle crashes were unrestrained or improperly restrained.
The majority (75 percent) of motor vehicle crashes occur within 25 miles of home.
Most crashes occur in areas where the speed limit is 40 mph or less.
Safety restraint statistics:
About 73 percent of child safety seats or booster seats are improperly used.
One-third of children ride in the front passenger seat, increasing the risk for injury and death.
Properly installed and used child safety seats can reduce the risk of death by 71 percent for infants and 54 percent for children ages 1 to 4.
Child safety seats can also reduce the need for hospitalization among children ages four and under by 69 percent.
Pedestrian injury is the second leading cause of unintentional injury-related death among children ages five to 14.
Children ages one to two suffer the highest number of pedestrian injuries, most often when a vehicle is backing up.
Always consult your child's physician for more information.
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